Distribution Channels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Distribution Channels - Essay Example It involves providing important features of the product that makes it stand out from the competitors. In addition, the people element refers to how the service and the expertise and skills of the people who work for the organization who help in the achievement of a company’s goals and objectives as well as beat competition. Finally we have the place also known as the distribution channel which is a channel of activities that acts as a bridge between the producer of a product and the actual user of the product (Armstrong & Kotler, 2009). All the marketing mix elements are important to an organization but the distribution channel is the most important and effective manner in which the product gets to the hands of the customer. The distribution channel entails a chain of intermediaries that helps passing of the product from the manufacturer to the end user. In addition, distribution channels are important as they simplify how products will get to the end user. Marketing channel plays a key role in the organization as marketers plan on how goods or services get to the customer. The marketing channel includes one or more marketing intermediaries who execute several marketing functions. These middlemen act as information providers to the manufacturer. They provide development changes like demography, media habits, entry of new competitors, as well as the emergence of a new product in the market. The most valuable time about middlemen is that they get information first hand as they always present in the market place and close to the customer therefore can get this important information at no extra costs. In addition, marketing channel intermediaries exist to make goods and services more available and accessible to the market. They offer contacts, experience, and economies of scale to those organizations that would not do these attributes on their own. The distribution channels affect other marketing decisions therefore making it

The Adoption of Migration and Development Theories Essay -- Adoption o

Introduction Initially, it should be noted that the world migration mainly refers to the movement of population into another country or region from their original country to which they are not native so as to settle there to work and live. There are many factors which can contribute to the large world migration including economic and political reasons, family gathering, natural disasters etc. According to published statistics, it is said by International Organization for migration that the number of migrants from foreign countries around the globe has reached more than 200 million. It is Europe that owned the largest number of migrants since it has already arrived at 70 million. The second are is North America which has more than 45 million migrants and the following that is Asia which holds almost a number of 25 million (Gurak and Fe, 1992)The world migrants have brought about abundant labor resource and stimulated the circulation of goods and services. Therefore, it is the purpose of this paper to conduct the trend of world migration based on migration and development theory so as to provide some insights. The second section of the paper will focus on stating the life story of some migrants in terms of how they work and settle their life in foreign countries. The third part will provide useful recommendations for migration development. The adoption of migration and development theories It can be noted that in analyzing the migration and development there are two general perspectives to be adopted such as Macro theory and Micro theory. In terms of the Macro theory it is also referred to as the push and pull. With regards to push element it initially refers to the motive and stimulus to cause immigration to move from th... ... Zlotnik (eds.), International Migration Systems: A Global Approach. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 150-176. Zlotnik, Hania. (1992). "Empirical identification of international migration systems," in Mary Kritz, Lin Lean Lim, and Hania Zlotnik (eds.), International Migration Systems: A Global Approach. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 19-40. Massey, Douglas S., Joaquà ­n Arango, Hugo Graeme, Ali Kouaouci, Adela, Pellegrino, and J. Edward Taylor. (2005). Worlds in Motion: Understanding International Migration at the End of the Millennium. New York: Oxford University Press Ewing, Walter A (2006). Border Insecurity: U.S. Border-Enforcement Policies and National Security, Immigration Policy Center, American Immigration Law Foundation Fell, Peter and Hayes, Debra. (2007). What are they Doing Here? A Critical Guide to Asylum and Immigration, Birmimgham, Venture Press

Pada umumnya siswa-siswi

Latar BelakangPada umumnya siswa-siswi dalam proses belajar mengajar, memerlukan media pembelajaran yang tepat, guna membantu proses penyampaian informasi dan ilmu secara sempurna dalam berbagai mata pelajaran yang mereka dapatkan Dari guru dan fasilitator pendidikan lainnya. Karena siswa-siswi kerap saltwort kesulitan memahami mata pelajaran yang diajarkan. Selain itu guru dan fasilitator pendidikan juga kerap saltwort menggunakan media pembelajaran bagi siswa dalam membantu merealisasikan strategi pembelajaran siswa agar materi yang disampaikan dapat dipahami oleh parity peserta didik. Seiring dengan dibutuhkannya berbagai media pembelajaran dalam setiap mata pelajaran dalam hal ini dikhususkan pada bidang studi IPS, maka banyak bermunculan berbagai jenis dan macam media pembelajaran bagi parity peserta didik. Dari yang palng sederhana dan murah hingga yang canggih dan mahal. Ada yang dapat dibuat oleh guru sendiri dan adenosine deaminase yang diproduksi pabrik. Ada yang sudah tersedia di lingkungan untuk langsung dimanfaatkan dan adenosine deaminase yang sengaja dirancang. Hal tersebut sangatlah membantu peserta didik dan guru dalam rangka penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Oleh karena itu media pembelajaran dalam hal ini mata pelajaran IPS perlu di berdayakan, agar materi IPS yang disampaikan dapat dipahami dan dipergunakan dengan semestinya guna membantu proses belajar mengajar IPS.Identifikasi MasalahBagaimana pengaruh media pembelajaran terhadap proses penyelenggaraan pendidikan?Apakah manfaat media pembelajaran IPS yakni cyberspace dalam efektivitas proses penyelenggaraan pendidikan.Pembatasan MasalahMengingat masalah dalam media pembelajaran ruang lingkupnya sangatlah luas, maka penulis membatasi masalah mengenai media pembelajaran IPS yakni cyberspace dalam proses penyelenggaraan pendidikan.Perumusan MasalahBerdasarkan pembatasan masalah diatas maka penulis merumuskan sebagai berikut: Jenis dan macam media pembelajaran IPS Manfaat Media Pembelajaran IPS yakni cyberspace dalam proses penyelenggaraan pendidikanTujuan dan Manfaat PenulisanPada faktor eksternal, untuk diketahui oleh berbagai pihak yang terkait dengan penggunaan media pembelajaran IPS Pada faktor internal, untuk dapat memenuhi tugas pada mata kuliah † Pendidikan IPS †SISTEMATIKA PENULISANUntuk memudahkan mendapatkan gambaran yang jelas mengenai tugas mata kuliah â€Å" Pendidikan IPS † ini, maka penulis melakukan sistematika penulisan secara bitter cassava besar diuraikan sebagai berikut:BAB I PENDAHULUANPada bab ini diuraikan secara singkat mengenai latar belakang masalah, identifikasi masalah, pembatasan masalah, tujuan dan manfaat penelitian, dan sistematika penelitian.BAB II PEMBAHASANDalam bab ini diuraikan Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence tugas makalah â€Å" Pendidikan IPS † ini, yakni meliputi, Jenis dan macam-macam media pembelajaran IPS serta manfaat media pembelajaran tersebut.BAB III KESIMPULAN DAN SARANDalam bab ini merupakan kesimpulan dan saran yang diuraikan pada bab-bab sebelumnya yakni pada bab pendahuluan dan pembahasanBAB IIPEMBAHASANJenis dan Macam-macam Media PembelajaranSeiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuh an akan media pembelajaran yang menjembatani antara guru dan siswa dalam penyampaian materi pembelajaran khususnya mata pelajaran IPS, maka hadirlah berbagai jenis dan macam mrdia pembelajaran. Menurut Rudy Bretz ( 1971 ) menggolongkan media pembelajaran berdasarkan tiga unsur pokok ( suara, ocular dan gerak ) :Media soundMedia cetakMedia ocular diamMedia ocular gerakMedia sound semi gerakMedia ocular semi gerakMedia audio ocular diamMedia audio ocular gerakMenurutAnderson ( 1976 ) menggolongkan menjadi 10 media pembelajaran:Audio: Kaset sound, siaran wireless, Cadmium, teleponCetak: Buku pelajaran, modul, brosur, cusp, gambarAudio-cetak: Kaset sound yang dilengkapi bahan tertulisProyeksi ocular diam: Overhead transparansi ( OHT ) , movie bingkai ( slide )Proyeksi audio ocular diam: Film bingkai slide bersuaraOcular gerak: Film bisuAudio ocular gerak: Film gerak bersuara, Video/VCD, TelevisiObyek fisik: Benda nyata, theoretical account, spesimenManusia dan lingkungan: Guru, pustakaw an, laboranKomputer: InternetSchramm ( 1985 ) menggolongkan media pembelajaran berdasarkan kompleksnya suara, yaitu: media kompleks ( movie, Television, Video/VCD, ) dan media sederhana ( slide, sound, transparansi, teks ) . Selain itu menggolongkan media berdasarkan jangkauannya, yaitu media masal ( liputannya luas dan serentak / wireless, televisi ) , media kelompok ( liputannya seluas ruangan / kaset sound, picture, OHP, slide, dll ) , media single ( untuk perorangan / buku teks, telepon, Internet ) .Henrich, dkk menggolongkan:media yang tidak diproyeksikanmedia yang diproyeksikanmedia soundmedia picturemedia berbasis komputermulti media kit.Dalam hal ini media juga diklasifikasikan menjadi media ocular, media sound, dan media audio-visual.Media VisualMedia yang tidak diproyeksikan Media realita adalah benda nyata. Benda tersebut tidak harus dihadirkan di ruang kelas, tetapi siswa dapat melihat langsung ke obyek. Kelebihan dari media realia ini adalah dapat memberikan pengalaman nyata kepada siswa. Misal untuk mempelajari keanekaragaman makhluk hidup, klasifikasi makhluk hidup, ekosistem, dan organ tanaman. Model adalah benda tiruan dalam wujud tiga dimensi yang merupakan representasi atau pengganti Dari benda yang sesungguhnya. Penggunaan theoretical account untuk mengatasi kendala tertentu sebagai pengganti realia. Misal untuk mempelajari sistem gerak, pencernaan, pernafasan, peredaran darah, sistem ekskresi, dan syaraf pada hewan. Media grafis tergolong media ocular yang menyalurkan pesan melalui simbol-simbol ocular. Fungsi dari media grafis adalah menarik perhatian, memperjelas sajian pelajaran, dan mengilustrasikan suatu fakta atau konsep yang mudah terlupakan jika hanya dilakukan melalui penjelasan verbal. Jenis-jenis media grafis adalah:Gambar / foto: picket fence umum digunakanSketsa: gambar sederhana atau bill of exchange kasar yang melukiskan bagian pokok tanpa item. Dengan sketsa dapat menarik perhatian siswa, menghindarkan verbalisme, dan memperjelas pesan. Diagram / skema: gambar sederhana yang menggunakan bitter cassava dan simbol untuk menggambarkan struktur Dari obyek tertentu secara bitter cassava besar. Misal untuk mempelajari organisasi kehidupan Dari sel samapai organisme. Bagan / chart: menyajikan ide atau konsep yang sulit sehingga lebih mudah dicerna siswa. Selain itu bagan mampu memberikan ringkasan butir-butir penting Dari penyajian. Dalam bagan sering dijumpai bentuk grafis lain, seperti: gambar, diagram, kartun, atau lambang verbal. Grafik: gambar sederhana yang menggunakan bitter cassava, titik, simbol verbal atau bentuk tertentu yang menggambarkan informations kuantitatif. Misal untuk mempelajari pertumbuhan.Media proyeksiTransparansi OHP merupakan alat Bantu mengajar tatap muka sejati, sebab tata letak ruang kelas tetap seperti biasa, guru dapat bertatap muka dengan siswa ( tanpa harus membelakangi siswa ) . Perangkat media transparansi meliputi perangkat lunak ( Overhead transparancy / OHT ) dan perangkat Keras ( Overhead projector / OHP ) . Teknik pembuatan media transparansi, yaitu:Mengambil Dari bahan cetak dengan teknik tertentuMembuat sendiri secara manualFilm bingkai / slide adalah movie transparan yang umumnya berukuran 35 millimeter dan diberi bingkai 2X2 inci. Dalam satu paket berisi beberapa movie bingkai yang terpisah satu sama lain. Manfaat movie bingkai hampir sama dengan transparansi OHP, hanya kualitas ocular yang dihasilkan lebih bagus. Sedangkan kelemahannya adalah beaya produksi dan peralat an lebih mahal serta kurang praktis. Untuk menyajikan dibutuhkan proyektor slide.Media AudioRadioRadio merupakan perlengkapan elektronik yang dapat digunakan untuk mendengarkan berita yang bagus dan aktual, dapat mengetahui beberapa kejadian dan peristiwa-peristiwa penting dan baru, masalah-masalah kehidupan dan sebagainya. Radio dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran yang cukup efektif.Kaset-audioYang dibahas disini khusus kaset sound yang sering digunakan di sekolah. Keuntungannya adalah merupakan media yang ekonomis karena biaya pengadaan dan perawatan murah.Media Audio VisualMedia pictureMerupakan salat satu jenis media audio ocular, selain movie. Yang banyak dikembangkan untuk keperluan pembelajaran, biasa dikemas dalam bentuk VCD.Media komputerMedia ini memiliki semua kelebihan yang dimiliki oleh media lain. Selain mampu menampilkan teks, gerak, suara dan gambar, komputer juga dapat digunakan secara interaktif, bukan hanya searah. Bahkan komputer yang disambung dengan cybe rspace dapat memberikan keleluasaan belajar menembus ruang dan waktu serta menyediakan sumber belajar yang hampir tanpa Batas. Realitas empirik selama ini di tingkat persekolahan memperlihatkan, dalam proses pembelajaran IPS, guru IPS kurang optimum baik di dalam memanfaatkan maupun memberdayakan media pembelajaran, karena dalam proses pembelajaran IPS cenderung masih berpusat pada guru ( teacher centered ) , text edition centered, dan monomedia. Adalah tidak dapat dipersalahkan apabila banyak siswa mengganggap proses pembelajaran IPS sebagai sesuatu yang membosankan, monoton, kurang menyenangkan, terlalu banyak hafalan, kurang variatif, dan pelbagai keluhan lainnya. Padahal pendidikan IPS merupakan man-made scientific discipline, karena konsep, generalisasi, dan temuan-temuan penelitian ditentukan atau diobservasi setelah fakta terjadi. Informasi faktual tentang kehidupan sosial atau masalah-masalah kontemporer yang terjadi di masyarakat dapat ditemukan dalam liputan ( exposure ) media massa, karena media massa diyakini dapat menggambarkan realitas sosial dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan. Meskipun untuk itu, informasi atau pesan ( message ) yang ditampilkannya?Xsebagaimana dapat dibaca di surat kabar atau majalah, didengarkan di wireless, dilihat di televisi atau cyberspace telah melalui suatu saringan ( filter ) dan seleksi Dari pengelola media itu untuk berbagai kepentingannya, misalnya: untuk kepentingan bisnis atau ekonomi, kekuasaan atau politik, pembentukan opini publik, hingga pendidikan. Sementara itu, seiring dengan pesatnya perkembangan media informasi dan komunikasi, baik perangkat Keras ( hardware ) maupun perangkat lunak ( package ) , penyampaian pesan/informasi bagi parity siswa dibutuhkan media cyberspace sebagai media pembelajaran siswa agar memudahkan penyampaian materi pelajaran IPS. Siswa dapat memperoleh informasi Dari berbagai sumber informasi, antara lain melalui media massa, siaran televisi dan wireless ( media elektronik ) , surat kabar dan majalah ( media cetak ) , komputer pribadi, cyberspace. Adalah tidak berlebihan kiranya apabila disebutkan bahwa media massa sangat berpengaruh di dalam pendidikan IPS. Hal ini didasarkan pada berbagai temuan penelitian yang menyiratkan, antara lain, bahwa:Media massa, khususnya cyberspace telah begitu memasyarakat ;Media massa berpengaruh terhadap proses sosialisasi ;Orang-orang lebih mengandalkan informasi yang berasal dari mediaMassa daripada Dari Pongo pygmaeus lain ;Para guru IPS perlu memberdayakan media massa sebagai sumberPembelajarannyaPara orang tua dan pendidik, baik secara sendiri-sendiri maupun secara

Capitalism The Root Cause to Environmental Degradation

The decline of the environment due to natural and human exertion is known as the degradation of the environment. The natural weather occurrences such as heavy rain, flooding, storms, earthquakes, volcanoes etc. are not administered under human control. These meteorological phenomenon’s wreak devastation on the environment from time to time causing the land to become unsuitable to cultivate. On this subject matter, the human population does not contain the power to stop the wrath of Mother Nature. Rather, we are forced to sit back and watch. Nevertheless, humans engage in a crucial role towards the degradation of the environment in which we live in. Unavoidably, the degradation of the environment is a rising and utmost worldwide subject. I accept that the root cause to environmental degradation is the excessive use of resources on our land utilized by the processes under capitalism. As Jensen wrote in Endgame, â€Å"The global industrial economy is the engine for massive envir onmental degradation and massive human and (nonhuman) impoverishment. The population on Earth is expanding rapidly which goes hand in hand in the degradation of the environment at large measures. The human’s appetites for needs are disarranging the environments natural equilibrium. Our production industries are venting smoke and discharging chemicals that are polluting our water. The smoke that is emitted into the atmosphere holds unappealing gases such as carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide. The highShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Legitimacy Of Political Authority Essay729 Words   |  3 Pageswhich the government and the public responds to organizers and their causes. Among these changes are the glaring impacts of technology, neoliberalization and capitalism. 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